Catal huyuk tools used

All rooms were kept scrupulously clean. Archaeologists identified very little trash or rubbish within the buildings, but found that trash heaps outside the ruins contain sewage and food waste as well as significant amounts of wood ash. In good weather, many daily activities may also have taken place on the rooftops, which conceivably formed an open air plaza.

In later periods, large communal ovens appear to have been built on these rooftops. Over time, houses were renewed by partial demolition and rebuilding on a foundation of rubble— which was how the mound became built up. Up to eighteen levels of settlement have been uncovered. Human remains have been found in pits beneath the floors, and especially beneath hearths, the platforms within the main rooms and under the beds.

The bodies were tightly flexed before burial, and were often placed in baskets or wrapped in reed mats. Disarticulated bones in some graves suggest that bodies may have been exposed in the open air for a time before the bones were gathered and buried. In some cases, graves were disturbed and the individual's head removed from the skeleton.

Decorations are found in both History Houses and shorter-lived buildings that don't fit Hodder's category. They include murals, paintwork and plaster images on walls and plastered posts. The murals are solid red panels or bands of color or abstract motifs such as handprints or geometric patterns. Some have figural art, images of humans, aurochs , stags, and vultures. The animals are shown much larger in scale than humans, and most of the humans are depicted without heads.

One famous wall painting is that of a birdseye map of the East Mound, with a volcanic eruption illustrated above it. These are molded or set onto the wall or mounted onto the benches or at the edges of platforms; they typically were re-plastered several times, perhaps when deaths occurred.

Portable art from the site includes about 1, figurines so far, half of which are in the shape of people, and half are four-legged animals of some sort. These were recovered from a range of different contexts, both internal and external to buildings, in middens or even part of the walls. Although Mellaart generally described these as classic " mother goddess figurines ," the figurines also include such as stamp seals—objects intended to impress patterns into clay or other material, as well as anthropomorphic pots and animal figurines.

Radivojevic and colleagues have shown that what Mellaart interpreted as copper slag was more likely accidental. Copper metal minerals in a burial context were baked when a post-depositional fire occurred in the dwelling. The earliest phase of occupation in the East Mound happened when the local environment was in the process of changing from humid to dryland conditions. There is evidence that the climate changed considerably during the length of the occupation, including drought periods.

The move to the West Mound occurred when there appeared a localized wetter area southeast of the new site. Scholars now believe that agriculture at the site was relatively local, with small-scale herding and farming that varied throughout the Neolithic. Plants used by the occupants included four different categories. The farming strategy was remarkably innovative. Rather than maintaining a fixed set of crops to rely on, the diverse agro-ecology enabled generations of cultivators to maintain flexible cropping strategies.

They shifted the emphasis on the category of food as well as on elements within the categories as circumstances warranted. Technology tends to increase exponentially, building on the prior discoveries and advancements. Originally Answered: How did our technology advance so quickly within the last 50 years? The simple answer is aggregate effect. Technology breaths new technology and innovation brings aggregate to previous discoveries in a similar behavior as the multiplier effect of money.

Technological evolution speeds up exponentially Because each generation of technology improves over the last, the rate of progress from version to version speeds up. To see this, imagine making a chair with hand tools, power tools, and finally assembly lines. Production gets faster after each step. In the end, we can say that human evolutionary cycles will definitely be affected by this rapid growth in technological advancements. These technologies have already significantly changed the patterns of life thus making the standard evolution considerably fast.

Technology allows us to communicate instantly with people in our neighborhoods or around the globe. This innovation not only keeps us connected but can help us live safer and healthier lives. This is far more recent than when Mitochondrial Eve was proposed to have lived. Mitochondrial Eve, the most recent female-line common ancestor of all living people.

In genetic genealogy, the most recent common ancestor MRCA of any set of individuals is the most recent individual from which all the people in the group are directly descended. From the berries they made wine and the nuts were used to make vegetable oil. Houses were built touching against each other. They did not have doors and houses were entered through hatches in roofs.

Presumably having entrances in the roofs was safer than having them in the walls. People crafted obsidian and bone tools as well as ceramic materials.